By Ralph DiBugnara
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August 26, 2025
By: Ralph DiBugnara on August 21, 2025 By Erik Martin Published on July 28, 2025 https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/escrow-process/ Understanding Escrow in Homebuying: A Beginner’s Guide If you’re in the process of buying a home — or even just thinking about it — you’re likely being introduced to a flood of unfamiliar terminology. One of the most important concepts to wrap your head around early on is escrow. It's not just another real estate buzzword; escrow is a critical part of nearly every home purchase, and it protects both buyers and sellers during what’s often the largest financial transaction of their lives. So what exactly is escrow, and why does it matter so much? Whether you're a first-time buyer or just a little rusty on the process, this guide will walk you through what escrow is, how it works at each stage of the homebuying journey, and how it continues to impact your finances even after you move in. What Is Escrow, and Why Do We Use It? At its core, escrow is a legal arrangement in which a neutral third party temporarily holds money or property until a particular condition has been met. In real estate, this is typically an escrow account where funds — usually from the buyer — are kept safe while all the terms of the home sale are completed. Think of it as a way to make sure that no money changes hands prematurely. The seller knows you’re serious because you’ve placed money into escrow, and you as the buyer are protected because the seller doesn’t receive those funds unless all contract terms are satisfied. How Escrow Works During a Home Purchase The escrow process begins as soon as your offer is accepted and the purchase contract is signed. This kicks off a series of steps where funds are held in trust and multiple conditions must be met — including inspections, appraisals, and legal paperwork — before money is released and ownership is transferred. Let’s break down the phases of escrow in a typical real estate transaction: Step 1: Opening the Escrow Account Once the purchase contract is signed, it’s time to deposit your earnest money into an escrow account. This is a good-faith deposit, typically 1% to 2% of the home’s purchase price. “Once an offer is made and accepted, the contract will stipulate when the escrow deposit is due,” says Ralph DiBugnara, president of Home Qualified. “In most cases, the deposit is split into two parts — first an initial, good-faith deposit followed by the remainder of the deposit.” This initial deposit is typically due within 7 to 10 days of signing. It's not an extra fee — it will later be applied toward your down payment or closing costs if the deal goes through. The escrow account itself is usually held by a title company, real estate attorney, or escrow agent — depending on local laws and customs. Their job is to stay neutral and ensure that all money and documents are handled correctly. Step 2: Appraisal and Inspection Once your offer is in escrow, your lender will require a home appraisal to confirm that the property's value matches the agreed purchase price. If the appraisal comes in low, you may need to renegotiate the price or cover the difference out of pocket. At the same time, you’ll have the opportunity to inspect the home. This is your chance to uncover hidden issues with the plumbing, roof, electrical systems, or structural integrity. If significant problems are discovered, you can either request repairs, negotiate a credit, or — in some cases — walk away from the deal (usually without losing your earnest money, as long as it's within your contractual rights). Step 3: Title Search and Insurance Your escrow officer will also coordinate a title search to ensure that the property is legally owned by the seller and free of claims or liens. As a buyer, you’ll be required to purchase lender’s title insurance — and optionally, owner’s title insurance — to protect against future legal issues. At this stage, your lender will also require you to secure homeowners insurance, which protects the property (and their investment) in the event of fire, theft, or other damage. Step 4: Final Walkthrough A day or two before closing, you’ll conduct a final walkthrough of the home to ensure it’s in the agreed-upon condition. This is not a second inspection, but a chance to verify that any negotiated repairs have been completed and nothing has changed since your last visit. If the seller agreed to leave appliances or fix something, now’s your chance to confirm it was done. Step 5: Closing the Deal About three business days before closing, your lender will provide a Closing Disclosure, outlining all final costs including escrow amounts, taxes, fees, and loan terms. Review it carefully to ensure everything matches what you expected. On closing day, you’ll sign your documents, provide your remaining down payment and closing costs (typically via cashier’s check or wire transfer), and the escrow agent will file the title with the county and release funds to the seller. Congratulations — you’re now a homeowner! But Wait — Escrow Doesn’t End There Even after the deal is done, escrow continues to play a role in your financial life — just in a different form. Now that you own the home, your lender or loan servicer will typically set up an escrow account to manage future payments for: Property taxes Homeowners insurance Mortgage insurance (if required) Instead of paying these large bills separately a few times per year, they’re divided into monthly amounts and included in your mortgage payment. Your lender collects these funds and pays the bills on your behalf when due. This setup can be incredibly convenient, helping you avoid late payments and budget more effectively throughout the year. Do I Have to Use an Escrow Account? Whether escrow is optional or required depends on several factors: If you’re using a government-backed loan (like FHA or USDA), escrow is typically mandatory. If you’re putting down less than 20% on a conventional loan, your lender will likely require an escrow account. If you’re putting down 20% or more, you may have the option to waive escrow — but not all lenders allow it. Even if it’s not required, many buyers choose to keep an escrow account for the ease of budgeting and peace of mind. Can I Cancel My Escrow Account Later? In some cases, yes. If you’ve built enough equity or meet specific conditions set by your lender, you might be able to close your escrow account. But there may be fees or restrictions, and not all lenders allow it. Always check with your lender directly before making any decisions. Final Thoughts: Why Escrow Matters Escrow isn’t just a technicality — it’s a safeguard that ensures fairness, security, and smoothness in your homebuying process. From protecting your deposit to managing future expenses, escrow plays a behind-the-scenes role that makes the complex process of buying (and owning) a home much more manageable. As Ralph DiBugnara explains, “The initial deposit is typically due within seven to 10 days of signing the contract. This earnest money will eventually be applied to your overall down payment on the home.” Knowing how and why that money is handled through escrow helps you stay in control of your purchase. So next time you hear someone mention “escrow,” you can smile confidently — because now, you get it. Key Takeaways Escrow protects both buyer and seller during a home sale by safely holding funds until conditions are met. Your earnest money deposit is a critical part of the escrow process and shows you're serious about the purchase. After buying, escrow helps you budget by including taxes and insurance in your monthly mortgage payments. While escrow accounts are sometimes required, they can also be a helpful tool even when optional. Looking for more homebuying tips? Let me know if you'd like a guide on inspections, appraisals, or mortgage pre-approval next!