Bankrate-How to get a home equity loan with bad credit by Linda Bell
How to get a home equity loan with bad credit
Key takeaways
- You typically need better credit to qualify for a home equity loan than a mortgage, but some lenders will still approve you with a score as low as 620.
- If your credit score isn’t ideal, you may still qualify for a home equity loan, but you’ll likely pay a higher interest rate.
- Strategies for potentially obtaining a loan despite lower credit include applying with a co-borrower, applying with your current financial institution and writing a letter of explanation to the lender.
Can you get a home equity loan with bad credit?
Yes, you can. Having a lower credit score doesn’t necessarily mean a lender will deny you a home equity loan. Some home equity lenders allow for FICO scores in the “fair” range (the lower 600s) as long as you meet other requirements around debt, equity and income.
What are “good” and “bad” credit scores for home equity loans?
Most home equity lenders require a score in the “fair” range or higher. For many, this means 640 or 660, although some lenders accept scores as low as 620. While a score in the 500s might buy you a house through an FHA mortgage, it’s unlikely to get you approved for a home equity loan.
And of course — as with any loan — the lower your credit score, the less likely you will qualify for the best interest rates. To secure the best interest rates, you generally need a score of 700 or higher.
Keep in mind that score requirements can vary within the same institution depending on how much you want to borrow and your overall equity.
For reference, here’s how FICO — the most popular credit scoring model — categorizes different credit scores:
Score
Classification
Less than 580
Poor
580-669
Fair
670-739
Good
740-799
Very Good
800+
Exceptional
Source: MyFico.com
Why home equity loans have more stringent requirements
Home equity loans require higher credit scores, for one, because you typically already carry the debt for your primary mortgage. Lenders want to ensure you can manage a home equity loan on top of that. In addition, home equity loans are generally “second liens.” If you default and face foreclosure, your primary mortgage lender is paid first. Because home equity lenders only get paid if money is left over, they want to be very sure you won’t default.
How to apply for a bad-credit home equity loan
Applying for a home equity loan is similar to the standard mortgage process, but when you have a lower credit score, you must actively prove you’re a safe bet for the lender. The following steps can help you build your case and secure approval:
Key takeaways
- Home equity loans and HELOCs (home equity lines of credit) both allow you to borrow against your ownership stake in your home, using the property as collateral.
- Home equity loans’ fixed rates are a good fit for people who want payment stability and know how much they need to borrow. HELOCs typically have variable rates and flexible borrowing limits, making them a good choice for people who need ongoing access to funds.
- Compare monthly payments, borrowing flexibility and your comfort with the rate structure to determine which product is best aligned with your financial goals.
Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) and home equity loans are two ways of borrowing money against the ownership stake you have in your home. Both typically allow you to tap up to 80 or 85% (or sometimes even more) of your home’s value, minus your outstanding mortgage balance.
But these two borrowing tools differ in several ways, including how their interest rates work, how you receive funds, and how you repay the debt.
Let’s look more closely at the differences between HELOCs and home equity loans and how to determine which product would work best for you.
What are HELOCs and home equity loans?
While they’re both borrowing methods, backed by your home as collateral, home equity loans and HELOCs work differently. A home equity loan is an installment loan that delivers a lump sum at a fixed interest rate and repayment term. A HELOC is a revolving debt that offers an amount of funds (a replenishable balance, similar to a credit card limit) you can draw on, at a variable interest rate. You can borrow for a set number of years, then repay for a subsequent period.
Both products generally offer lower interest rates than credit cards and personal loans because they’re secured by your home. While home equity borrowing costs have come down from their 2023 highs, rates are above the historic lows borrowers saw just a few years ago. Rates are just one of many key factors homeowners need to evaluate before deciding to tap into their home equity.
Key differences between HELOCs and home equity loans
The home equity line of credit vs loan decision often comes down to what you want more: flexibility or predictability. Here’s a deeper look at what sets them apart:
Home Equity Loan
HELOC
Fixed interest rate
Variable interest rate
Payments remain the same for life of loan
Monthly payments may increase or decrease
Receive funds in one lump sum
Withdraw funds against credit line as needed over a prescribed period
Interest is applied to the entire loan amount
Interest charged only on withdrawn funds
Repayments of principal begin immediately
Repayments of principal can be postponed
$11.6 trillion
The sum total of tappable equity – the amount that can be accessed while still leaving a 20 percent equity cushion – possessed by U.S. homeowners with mortgages.
Home equity loan vs. line of credit pros and cons
Home equity loans and HELOCs have unique advantages and disadvantages. It’s not a question of which one is the better product. It’s about what works best for your situation.
Home equity loan
Pros
- Fixed interest rate and predictable monthly payments, making budgeting easier
- Ideal for one-time expenses with a known cost, such as debt consolidation or a major renovation
- Often low or no origination fees
- Potentially tax-deductible if used for home improvements
- Lump sum received at closing for full use
Cons
- Must know exact borrowing amount upfront
- Over-borrowing means paying interest on unused funds
- Requires sufficient home equity (typically 15%–20%)
- Risk of foreclosure if payments are missed
- If home values drop, you could end up “upside down” on your mortgage
HELOCs
Pros
- Interest-only payments may be allowed during the draw period, lowering monthly costs
- You borrow only what you need; interest applies to used funds
- Some allow you to set a fixed rate for stability on some or all of your balance
- Flexible access to funds for ongoing or uncertain expenses
- Useful for projects with changing or staged costs (e.g., renovations)
Cons
- Variable rates can raise payments over time
- Budget risk due to fluctuating monthly payments
- Fees may include annual charges, prepayment penalties, or conversion costs
- Missed payments can cause you to lose your home to foreclosure
- Lender may reduce or freeze the credit line if home values fall or a recession occurs.
Bankrate insight
For insight into the movement of home equity rates, look no further than the Fed. Most HELOCs are tied to the prime rate, meaning that Fed decisions can impact whether rates rise or fall. Bankrate forecasts that borrowing costs this year will reach their lowest levels since 2023. The overall path of home equity rates depends on a number of factors, including inflation trends and the overall strength of the economy.
How much can you borrow with a HELOC or home equity loan?
So, how much money can you borrow with a home equity loan or HELOC? In many cases, quite a bit. Lenders often set minimums of $10,000, and maximums can run into six figures.
The exact amount you can borrow, though, will depend on a few factors, including your equity stake and the maximum equity percentage that your lender will let you borrow. Your mortgage balance also plays a role, because your lender usually requires your overall home-debt load to stay below a certain percentage of your home’s value.
For example, let’s say your home is valued at $350,000, and you still owe $150,000 on your mortgage. This means you’ve built $200,000 in equity — but it doesn’t mean you can access that full amount.
If your lender says that your debt needs to remain below 80 percent of your home’s value, that’s a cap of $280,000. Subtract your remaining mortgage balance from that, and you’re left with a tappable equity amount of $130,000. It’s still a substantial sum, but perhaps not as much as you envisioned.
Figure it out: Bankrate’s home equity loan calculator
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